Nhazi nke mmanụ na gas na-amụba usoro mmepụta nke ọma

Mmanụ na gas na-abawanye nke ọma teknụzụ ngwaahịa bụ usoro teknụzụ iji melite ikike nrụpụta nke olulu mmanụ (gụnyere olulu gas) yana ikike nnabata mmiri nke olulu mmiri ịgbanye mmiri. Ụzọ ndị a na-ejikarị eme ihe gụnyere mgbawa hydraulic na ọgwụgwọ acidification, na mgbakwunye na mgbawa ala, ọgwụgwọ mgbaze, wdg.

1) Usoro mgbawa hydraulic

Mgbawa nke hydraulic na-agụnye ịgbanye mmiri na-agbaji dị elu n'ime olulu mmiri na nnukwu olu nke karịrị ikike ntinye nke nhazi ahụ, si otú ahụ na-abawanye nrụgide nke oghere ala ma na-agbaji nhazi ahụ. Site na ntụtụ na-aga n'ihu nke mmiri na-agbaji agbaji, mgbaji ahụ na-agbatịkwu n'ime nhazi. A ga-etinyerịrị ụfọdụ proppant (karịsịa aja) n'ime mmiri na-agbaji iji gbochie mgbaji ahụ ka ọ mechie mgbe agbajichara mgbapụta ahụ. Mgbaji ahụ jupụtara na proppant na-agbanwe ọnọdụ seepage nke mmanụ na gas na nhazi ahụ, na-eme ka ebe a na-ahụ anya, belata nkwụsị nkwụsị, na-emepụta okpukpu abụọ nke ọma mmanụ. "Gas gas", nke na-ewu ewu na ụlọ ọrụ mmanụ zuru ụwa ọnụ n'oge na-adịbeghị anya, na-erite uru site na mmepe ngwa ngwa nke nkà na ụzụ hydraulic fracturing!

2) ọgwụgwọ acidification mmanụ nke ọma

A na-ekewa ọgwụgwọ acidification nke ọma mmanụ ụzọ abụọ: ọgwụgwọ hydrochloric acid maka nhazi nkume carbonate na ọgwụgwọ acid ala maka nhazi nkume ájá. A na-akpọkarị acidification.

►Hydrochloric acid ọgwụgwọ nke carbonate nkume formations: Carbonate nkume dị ka nzu na dolomite na-emeghachi omume na hydrochloric acid iji mepụta calcium chloride ma ọ bụ magnesium chloride nke na-adị mfe soluble na mmiri, nke na-eme ka permeability nke guzobe na n'ụzọ dị irè na-eme ka mmepụta ike nke olulu mmanụ. . N'okpuru ọnọdụ okpomọkụ nke nhazi ahụ, hydrochloric acid na-eme ngwa ngwa na nkume, ọtụtụ n'ime ya na-erikwa n'akụkụ ala nke olulu mmiri ma ghara ịbanye n'ime mmiri mmanụ, na-emetụta mmetụta acidification.

► Ngwọta ala acid nke nhazi nkume: Ihe ndị bụ isi nke ịnweta nkume bụ quartz na feldspar. Simenti na-abụkarị silicates (dị ka ụrọ) na carbonates, nke abụọ bụ soluble na hydrofluoric acid. Otú ọ dị, mgbe mmeghachi omume n'etiti hydrofluoric acid na carbonates, calcium fluoride mmiri ozuzo ga-eme, nke na-adịghị mma maka mmepụta mmanụ na gas olulu mmiri. N'ozuzu, a na-emeso nkume ájá na 8-12% hydrochloric acid gbakwunyere 2-4% hydrofluoric acid gwakọtara na acid ala iji zere ọdịda calcium fluoride. Nleba nke hydrofluoric acid na ala acid ekwesịghị ịdị oke elu iji zere imebi nhazi nke nkume ájá na ịkpata ihe mberede mmepụta ájá. Iji gbochie mmeghachi omume ọjọọ n'etiti calcium na magnesium ions na nhazi na hydrofluoric acid na ihe ndị ọzọ, ekwesịrị iji hydrochloric acid mee ihe ahụ tupu ịgbanye acid ala. Ebe a na-eme ọgwụgwọ kwesịrị ịdị ukwuu karịa usoro ọgwụgwọ acid ala. Emepụtala teknụzụ ala acid n'ezie n'afọ ndị na-adịbeghị anya. A na-eji Methyl formate na ammonium fluoride meghachi omume na nguzobe iji mepụta acid hydrofluoric, nke na-eme n'ime akwa mmanụ okpomọkụ dị elu na olulu mmiri miri emi iji meziwanye mmetụta ọgwụgwọ acid ala. Site na imeziwanye ikike nrụpụta nke olulu mmanụ.